Construction is all the activities and processes involved in constructing buildings and structures, from site preparation to completion and handover.
This work includes engineering (concrete and steel structures), architectural (design and facades), and operational (infrastructure and facilities).
Second: Objectives of Construction
Establishing residential, commercial, and industrial facilities.
Providing modern infrastructure (roads, bridges, ports, airports).
Improving the level of public services (schools, hospitals, administrative centers).
Supporting the national economy and creating job opportunities.
Third: Stages of Construction
1. Pre-Implementation Stage
Preliminary Studies: Feasibility study of the project in terms of cost, duration, and return.
Design Preparation:
Architectural Design: Determining form and function.
Structural Design: Determining the types and dimensions of concrete or steel elements.
Mechanical and Electrical Designs: Water, drainage, electrical, and air conditioning networks.
Official Approvals: Obtaining licenses from the relevant authorities.
Site Preparation: Land Clearance, Leveling, and Demarcation.
2. Implementation Phase
Includes all field work required to construct the basic structure:
Earthworks: Excavation, Backfilling, and Leveling.
Foundation Work:
Shallow Foundations (Single, Strip, and Mat Foundations).
Deep Foundations (Piles).
Concrete Works:
Casting Columns, Beams, and Slabs.
Construction of Load-Bearing or Partition Walls.
Metal Structure Works (for steel buildings).
Auxiliary Facilities: Staircases, Elevators, Ceilings.
3. Post-Implementation Phase (Finishing)
Interior Works: Plastering, Painting, Flooring, Electrical and Mechanical Finishes.
Exterior Works: Facades, Insulation, and Landscaping.
Inspection and Handover Works:
Structural Inspection.
Ensuring Compliance with Specifications.
Preliminary and Final Handover.
Fourth: Types of Construction and Building Works
Residential Buildings: Apartments, Villas, Residential Complexes.
Commercial Buildings: Offices, Shopping Malls.
Industrial Facilities: Factories, Warehouses.
Infrastructure Projects: Roads, Bridges, Drainage Networks.
Private Facilities: Stadiums, Theaters, Towers.
Fifth: Technical Considerations During Implementation
Adherence to Plans and Specifications.
Application of Occupational Safety Standards.
Selection of High-Quality Building Materials.
Quality Control During All Phases of Work.
Coordination between Civil, Architectural, and Electrical Works.
Sixth: Common Challenges and Problems
Time Delays Due to Supply Issues or Poor Planning.
Increased Costs Due to Price Changes or Modification Requests.
Implementation Defects Such as Weak Concrete or Weak Concrete.
Environmental Factors Such as Rain or Extreme Heat.
Seventh: The Importance of Construction and Building Works
Supporting Urban Development.
Creating Job Opportunities for Various Specializations.
Attracting Foreign Investment Through Advanced Infrastructure.
Improving the quality of life for
