1. Definition of Finishing Works
Finishing works are the final stage of the construction process. They aim to give the building its final aesthetic appearance and prepare it for use, while improving its functional performance and protection.
2. Importance of Finishing Works
Improving the interior and exterior aesthetics.
Protecting structural elements from environmental factors.
Providing a comfortable and usable environment.
Increasing the property’s market value.
3. Stages of Finishing Works
Plastering Works:
Leveling the interior and exterior surfaces.
Preparing walls for painting or cladding.
Flooring Works:
Tiles, ceramic, porcelain, marble, or parquet.
Painting and Coating Works:
Surface preparation (putty, sanding).
Primer and final coating.
Carpentry Works:
Doors and windows, wooden cabinets.
Aluminum and Glass Works:
Windows, glass facades, interior partitions.
Ceiling Works:
False Ceilings (Gypsum Board, Metal Panels).
Final Electrical and Mechanical Works:
Final Installation of Lighting, Sockets, and Switches.
Installation of Sanitary and Air Conditioning Equipment.
4. Technical Considerations for Finishes
Selection of Durable and Weather-Resistant Materials.
Color and Material Coordination.
Sequential Implementation to Avoid Damage to Previous Work.
Adherence to Health and Safety Standards.
1. Definition of Foundation Works
Foundations are the lower part of a building that transfers loads from the upper structure to the load-bearing soil layers and are the foundation for the stability and safety of the building.
2. Types of Foundations
Shallow Foundations:
Isolated Footings.
Combined Footings.
Strip Footings.
Raft Foundations.
Deep Foundations:
Piles.
Caissons.
3. Foundation Implementation Stages
Soil Study:
Conduct tests to determine the soil’s bearing capacity.
Determine the type of foundation:
Based on the loads and soil type.
Excavation:
To the required depth of the foundation.
Reinforcement:
Place the reinforcing steel according to the plans.
Concrete Pouring:
Using concrete that meets specifications.
Insulation and Protection:
Insulate the foundation against moisture and groundwater.
4. Technical Considerations for Foundations
Ensure the cleanliness of the excavation bottom before pouring.
Use concrete of appropriate quality and consistency.
Maintain the concrete cover around the reinforcing steel.
Consider the groundwater level.
